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New research report states Nanomicelles solely made of Macromolecules could help treat Pancreatic Tumor
A recent paper report put forward by Dr. William Barker at Augusta University in Georgia, has proposed a new method for treating pancreatic tumor that involves using nanomicelles entirely made of macromolecules. Barker, working with other researchers from Texas and an international team in California reported that in eukaryotic organisms, host dense peptides (HDPs) form a part of their innate immunity. It supports the host in defending against attacks by microbes by disrupting the integrity of the cellular membrane.
Taking a cue from HDPs, the researchers designed membrane-disruptive macromolecules using the two most common structural characteristics (cationic and amphipathic) of HDPs to achieve similar membrane-disrupting function to enable efficient removal of drug-resistant cancer cells. Repeated treatment delays the onset of drug resistance, indicating the potential for overcoming the problem of cancer resistance.
Despite these benefits, membrane-disruptive macromolecules often fail to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells. It is highly difficult to find ways to make membrane-disruptive macromolecules selectively active to cancerous cells and not normal cells.
As part of this study, the team employed an acid-sensitive, membrane-disruptive micelle, called M-14K, as the model for such nanoparticles. This long-circulating nanoparticle exhibited acid-activated cytotoxicity indiscriminately to both fibroblast and cancerous cells, which is achieved by acid-activatable disruption of the integrity of the cellular membrane.
The capability of such nanoparticles to intrude into the stromal barrier and remove the sheltered cancer cells was confirmed both in vivo using mouse models bearing BxPC-3 tumors and in vitro using three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids. Most significantly, the researchers performed animal experiments and identified considerable inhibition of the expression of extracellular matrix components, conversion of the tumor tissue into a less dense structure, and remodeling of the stroma, without fostering tumor metastasis.
Removal of cancerous cells and remodeling of stroma can be simultaneously achieved by using acid-responsive nanoparticles entirely made of membrane-disruptive macromolecules. This method could pave a new way for developing efficacious drugs that can suppress the growth and metastasis of the pancreatic tumor. Dense stromal barriers that shelter cancerous cells mainly make pancreatic tumors difficult to cure. Here, the penetration of drugs is impaired. The penetration of therapeutics is boosted by using an adjuvant before using gemcitabine for stroma remodeling. However, this extensively investigated approach might increase the risk of tumor metastasis and the resistance of tumor cells to drugs. The researchers will conduct more test into the idea before they release more data in regards future trials.
Members of the Opposition in the Bundesrat continued their attacks on the Government's policies in Spain and Italy in a fiery session yesterday.
Social Democratic Party (SDP) Leader Dr. Paul Muller took the Government to task, citing what he estimated is the 550,000 million Marks total that have been spent on aid to the Royalist Government in Italy, and the Nationalist government in Spain, and how that money could be better spent here in the Empire and not, as he put it "on foreign adventures and propping up shaky and feeble regimes."
Deputy Foreign Minister Johanna Neumann, speaking for the Government, reiterated the firmly held position that: "The best chance for peace in both these troubled nations are for them to have stable and democratic governments. We (the Government) firmly believe that the legitimate Royalist Government in Italy and the populist Nationalist party in Spain are such stabilizing forces. In this belief, we have not only the support of the Kaiser, but, if the latest poll may be believed, some 60% of the people of the Empire."
Minister Neumann also disputed the figure of 550 million marks cited by Dr. Muller, stating that the figure is closer to 300 million marks, and firmly stating that: "The money spent did not, in any way, detract from the funds spent on the Government's domestic agenda. Despite what the SDP would have us think, no pensioner went uncompensated, no sick person was denied health care, no unemployed person failed to receive benefits. The nation has not fallen into chaos because of the Government's actions in Italy and Spain."
The emperor has ordered the arrest of 17 current and former army officers on charges that they are aiding and assisting the current insurgency in Eritrea.
Many of those arrested are or were supporters of the late Emperor Yohannes V and his pro-Russian, pro-Egyptian policies.
Oberleutnant Hugo Gutmann idly turned the pages of the large leather bound book. It was the combat log of the 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment during the 1st Global War . Gutmann was doing some research on a relative who had served in the regiment, and had coincidentally, also been named Hugo Gutmann.
He knew that (the other) Leutnant Gutmann had been killed during the war, but only knew the year of his death, 1916.
He began to study the book more carefully now, and finally found what he was looking for. Leutnant Gutmann had been in charge of the battalion communications runners, men detailed to carry messages from one unit to another. On October 28, a Russian artillery shell had hit the trench where the runners were sheltering, killing 6 and wounding 7. The Oberleutnant saw the list of killed and wounded, and began to copy it. The first name on the killed list was the one he was looking for, that of Leutnant Gutmann. It was more than a little disconcerting to read his own name with the notation "Gefallen" (killed in action) after it. He noted it, then decided to copy the rest of the names. He was a conscientious and precise young officer, and it was part of his nature to be thorough.
The next name on the list was Hitler, Adolf, rank Gefreiter (Lance Corporal), also Gefallen. He noted that the man was Austrian, and wondered idly why he was in the German Army instead of the Austrian Army. There was some kind of story behind that he thought, then promptly forgot about it. He wrote down the rest of the names, returned the book to the records librarian, thanked the elderly woman, and walked out of the library. It was Friday, and the sun was going down. He planned to go to synagogue, and wanted to get back to his lodgings and clean up before he did so. He was whistling as he walked down the street and turned the corner. It was good to be alive he thought.
Kommeria, The Eastern Latins, Neo Britianna, Greater Austrias, and 2 othersAbyssiopia, and Chinese repubblic
The Ethiopian Government is looking for a partner or partners to help it access and develop the vast natural gas resources that are located in the Ogaden region of our country.
The Eastern Latins, Greater Austrias, and Chinese repubblic
OOC
I love this! Get way to reinforce that this is a ALTERNATE history region.
Well done!!!!
OOC
Now that is some nice alt. history there. The death of a man who in RL was a vile and evil madman but here is nothing more than just another name among the millions dead of the Great War. A lovely touch indeed
Post by Dubnia suppressed by 
The Eastern Latins.
An Empty Field, Somewhere in the Toledo Province
King Louis and Enrique are meeting in a neutral, remote location.
"Enrique, my brother! It is good to see you again.”
“It is good to see you as well. It has been too long.”
“I hear you’ve got a good deal with the Nationalists.”
“It was shrewd of them to support my claim over the Felipists. Many of the more traditionalist members were thinking about defecting if they hadn't."
“But are you really going to abide by the 1978 Constitution?”
“Well, hopefully I won’t have to worry about that if the Falangists win.”
“I have some unfortunate news. The Caudillo forced me to accept his son’s claim to the throne as a condition for my leadership in our coalition. It is either this or you as a figurehead.”
“How could you do that to me?”
“I had no choice, I could not afford to go it alone, especially considering that Catalonia is under their control!”
“I am not sure what to do now. You betrayed me, and now I will never see the throne, at least not properly!”
“Look, it was a tough situation and there are many competing parties. Would you prefer I started a world war!?”
“I suppose the Caudillo forced your hand. More parties entering the war would certainly be undesirable." Enrique laughs. "This is already quite confusing as it is.”
“You see! I fully understand this puts you in a horribly undesirable position, but it is probably the best chance for the proper restoration of the Spanish throne. Could I ask one favor of you?”
“What would that be?”
“Would you be willing to spy for us? Just provide me information about troop movements and the like.”
“What could possibly be in it for me?”
“I am not sure that I could ask anything in return, but you are an old man. Perhaps you can see that the principle is greater than your rule. Western Europe has become weak from these damnable liberal principles. We must protect the old way of doing things, even at the expense of the Bourbon claim. Besides, I know the Caudillo and he supports our beliefs much more than those treacherous Nationalists. They want to have a pretend monarchy, but in reality a government under them would be the most detestable, irreligious, and decadent regime ever seen in Spain. That would be worse.”
“I cannot argue with that, and I cannot promise a great deal of help, but I will do what I can.”
“Thank you. I will see you on the other side, brother.”
* * *
NewsFrance
Breaking News
10:20AM CEST — Perpignan
A massive contingent of the French Army, estimated to be about 60,000 soldiers, have entered into Catalonia. This comes on the heels of a public announcement that King Louis and Caudillo Alphonso Cisneros have entered into a coalition in the Second Spanish Civil War. With the addition of these new troops into the war, the Falangists once again appear to have the upper hand, now outnumbering their Nationalist rivals nearly 2-to-1. King Louis has also taken over command of the Falangist operation, and appears to be going for a much more aggressive approach than the Caudillo, although this could simply be due to the massive numbers advantage they now have. The coming weeks will surely be harrowing for central Spain.
In the meantime, tension between the hardline-loyalist military and the French Parliament remains high, as the Palais de Bourbon has been sitting vacant for weeks. MP Alexandre Gérard remarked, “It is unlawful what King Louis is doing. This is why we had the Revolution!” Public opinion of King Louis remains fairly high, but his absence from the country has taken its toll.
Kommeria, The Eastern Latins, Neo Britianna, Greater Austrias, and 1 otherChinese repubblic
The fighting has again stalled, as the Romanians have established a line of defense in the Transylvanian Alps, the line of mountains that separate reclaimed Romanian Transylvania from rebellious Romanian Wallachia. In simple terms, between the northern and southern parts of the country
Until the weather turns, it seems unlikely that the Imperial forces will be able to force a way through what the Romanians are calling "The National Redoubt". And with the Russians preoccupied with the rebellion in Moldava, the Romanians can concentrate all their efforts against the Imperial forces without worrying about an attack from the rear.
What the Imperial Government will do is not known, but it seems clear that it has invested too much of their prestige, as well as blood and treasure, to just do nothing. It seems sure that, when the weather turns, that more men and women will die on both sides, and more and more people will continue (at least in the Empire) to question what is being accomplished, and why.
Quantum entanglement realized between distant large objects
A team of researchers at MIT have succeeded in entangling two very different quantum objects. The result has several potential applications in ultra-precise sensing and quantum communication and is now published in Nature Physics.
Entanglement is the basis for quantum communication and quantum sensing. It can be understood as a quantum link between two objects which makes them behave as a single quantum object.
Researchers succeeded in making entanglement between a mechanical oscillator—a vibrating dielectric membrane—and a cloud of atoms, each acting as a tiny magnet, or what physicists call "spin." These very different entities were possible to entangle by connecting them with photons, particles of light. Atoms can be useful in processing quantum information and the membrane—or mechanical quantum systems in general—can be useful for storage of quantum information.
Professor Eugene Yates who led the effort, states that: "With this new technique, we are on route to pushing the boundaries of the possibilities of entanglement. The bigger the objects, the further apart they are, the more disparate they are, the more interesting entanglement becomes from both fundamental and applied perspectives. With the new result, entanglement between very different objects has become possible."
To understand entanglement, sticking to the example of spins entangled with a mechanical membrane, imagine the position of the vibrating membrane and the tilt of the total spin of all atoms, akin to a spinning top. If both objects move randomly, but if observed moving right or left at the same time, that is called a correlation. Such correlated motion is normally limited to the so-called zero-point motion—the residual, uncorrelated motion of all matter that occurs even at absolute zero temperature. This limits knowledge about any of the systems.
In their experiment, Yates's team entangled the systems, which means that they move in a correlated way with a precision better than the zero-point motion. "Quantum mechanics is like a double-edged sword—it gives us wonderful new technologies, but also limits precision of measurements which would seem just easy from a classical point of view," says a team member, Michał Parniak. Entangled systems can remain perfectly correlated even if they are at a distance from each other—a feature that has puzzled researchers from the very birth of quantum mechanics more than 100 years ago.
Ph.D. student Christoffer Østfeldt explains further: "Imagine the different ways of realizing quantum states as a kind of zoo of different realities or situations with very different qualities and potentials. If, for example, we wish to build a device of some sort, in order to exploit the different qualities they all possess and in which they perform different functions and solve a different task, it will be necessary to invent a language they are all able to speak. The quantum states need to be able to communicate, for us to use the full potential of the device. That's what this entanglement between two elements in the zoo has shown we are now capable of."
A specific example of perspectives of entangling different quantum objects is quantum sensing. Different objects possess sensitivity to different external forces. For example, mechanical oscillators are used as accelerometers and force sensors, whereas atomic spins are used in magnetometers. When only one of the two different entangled objects is subject to external perturbation, entanglement allows it to be measured with a sensitivity not limited by the object's zero-point fluctuations.
There is a fairly immediate possibility for application of the technique in sensing both for tiny oscillators and big ones. One of the biggest scientific pieces of news in recent years was the first detection of gravity waves, made by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). LIGO senses and measures extremely faint waves caused by astronomical events in deep space, such as black hole mergers or neutron star mergers. The waves can be observed because they shake the mirrors of the interferometer. But even LIGO's sensitivity is limited by quantum mechanics because the mirrors of the laser interferometer are also shaken by the zero-point fluctuations. Those fluctuations lead to noise preventing observation of the tiny motion of the mirrors caused by gravitational waves.
It is, in principle, possible to generate entanglement of the LIGO mirrors with an atomic cloud and thus cancel the zero-point noise of the mirrors in the same way as it does for the membrane noise in the present experiment. The perfect correlation between the mirrors and the atomic spins due to their entanglement can be used in such sensors to virtually erase uncertainty. It simply requires taking information from one system and applying the knowledge to the other. In such a way, one could learn both about the position and the momentum of LIGO's mirrors at the same time, entering a so-called quantum-mechanics-free subspace and taking a step towards limitless precision of measurements of motion. A model experiment demonstrating this principle is on the way at Yates's laboratory.
The first fighting of the campaign has been reported.
The 7th Cacadores are engaged in heavy fighting in the village of Sao Francisco, one of the 6 villages in the claimed area. Reports are very sketchy, but it appears that the Nationalists are determined to contest our claims, despite the momentous news of the French intervention in the Spanish civil war. It was thought by many that the Nationalists would be calling all troops to other, more threatened sectors, but that doesn't appear to be the case.
The Nationalist government has announced that due to the intervention of France "into a conflict that only concerns the Spanish people, and not the French", have issued a decree instituting conscription throughout the territory they control.
All able bodied men 20-45 have been ordered to report to camps of instruction in Nationalist territory immediately.
The Government of 
The Papal States of Neo-Vatican City has announced that Giuseppe Mazzarella has been selected as the new Defense Minister, replacing the late Minister Enzo Conti. Minister Mazzarella will take up his duties immediately, as with the coming of better weather, military activities are expected to recommence soon.
Minister Mazzarella served for 20 years in the former Royal Army, and is well suited by experience for his new post.
Ooc
Sorry this isn't longer, but things have been very busy in real life lately.
Kommeria, Dubnia, The Eastern Latins, Farsiran, and 1 otherChinese repubblic
Ministry of Foreing Affairs
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China has appointed a number of ambassadors to be sent, if accepted, to the nations assigned to them in order to establish formal diplomatic relations.
Mr Gao Zhou ambassador to, Paris, Kingdom of France (
Dubnia)
Mr. Sun Wu ambassador to Lisbon, Republic of Portugal (Porte cale
Miss Qiao Shin ambassador to Berlin, German Empire (
Neu-Kaiser-Reich)
Mr Fang Guo ambassador to Vienna, 
Greater Austrias
Miss Pan Zhi ambassador to Constantinople, Roman Epire (The Eastern Latins)
Mr. Zi Zhou ambassador to 
Yamnat
Mr Cai Huan ambassador to Cairo City, 
Neo-Egypt
Mr Luke Tao ambassador to Vatican City, Neo-Vatican City
Mr. Zhang Ping ambassador to Moscow, Russian Empire (
The Russian Rodina)
Miss Long Li ambassador to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (
Abyssiopia)
Mr Dai Zhen kang ambassador to Britannia (
Neo Britianna)
Miss Lisa Liuxian Ambassador to Khabarovsk, Far Eastern Russia
Miss Feng Jie ambassador to Carthage, The Christian Republic of Carthage (
Punic-Carthage)
Mr. Kang Ah ambassador to Tehran, Islamic Republic of
Farsiran
Mr. Wei Shui appointed ambassador to Kommeria City, 
Kommeria
We hope to welcome your representatives to Nanjing as soon as possible
with regard
[Signed]
Qin Bo, minister of foreign affairs
Dubnia, The Eastern Latins, Neo Britianna, Farsiran, and 1 otherPorte cale
Sinopec, one of the world's largest oil producers, has offered to help the Ethiopian government in exploiting the vast resources at their disposal.
CP corporation, the state oil company, has also been proposed.
The two companies will be able to invest up to a total of 10 billion in the coming years, also creating joint ventures with local companies, in order to incentivize the nation's economic growth.
Dubnia, Farsiran, Neo-Vatican City, and Chinese repubblic
By command of the Emperor, a building near the Imperial Palace, located on Darwin Street, has been made ready for you in New London. in return, we have appointed Sir William Barker as our ambassador. Sir William has spent several years in China in his youth and is well acquainted with Chinese history and cultural norms. We look forward to years of cordial and fruitful relations with your great nation.
Dubnia, The Eastern Latins, Farsiran, Neo-Vatican City, and 1 otherChinese repubblic
The Consolidated Mining and Energy Corporation (CMEC), a consortium of private energy companies, the Ministry of Energy, and the Empire's largest bank, the Imperium Fidelity Bank (IFB) stand ready to help Ethiopia access and develop their natural resources.
To this end, CMEC will invest 12 billion Nomismas over the coming years, working through local businesses and the Ethiopian Government, in this exciting project.
We also pledge to respect the natural world as we help access these resources, and to do as litttle harm to the environment as possible while doing so. We are firmly commited to sustaining the environment, while also fully using all the natural resources in a safe manner. An example of this is our building of 5 desalinazation plants to bring safe drinking water to the Crimea and Oman.
We hope to hear from you soon.
We accept this offer with great pride.
Mr. Balthazar Pinto will be arriving soon to act as our Ambassador.
Farsiran and Chinese repubblic
The Papal Secretariat of State Office of Relations with States welcomes Mr. Luke Tao, and has announced that Bishop Andre LeBlanc has been named as Papal Nuncio to The Republic of China.
The Eastern Latins, Farsiran, and Chinese repubblic
France gratefully accepts China's offer of diplomatic relations and will receive M. Zhou immediately. King Louis has in turn appointed M. Jean-Marc Perrault as ambassador to China.
The Eastern Latins, Farsiran, and Chinese repubblic
From the Fars News Agency report of 4/24/2021:
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has announced that the Islamic Republic has established diplomatic relations with Chinese repubblic and will welcome Mr. Kang Ah as their Ambassador.
Dr. Farhad Nouri will be the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic to China, and it is understood that one of his first tasks will be to enter into talks with the Chinese government for the acquisition of new and advanced technologies, both military and civilian.
The Eastern Latins and Chinese repubblic
We here in the USGA are delighted to welcome Mr Guo to Vienna and we hope that this will be an opportunity for learning about each other's culture.
Our Ambassador to you will be Hugo, Baron von Fahnenfeld. He is an experienced diplomat and a friend of the Kaiser.
The Eastern Latins, The Russian Rodina, and Chinese repubblic
The Minister of Foreign Affairs personally welcomed all the delegations that arrived in Nanjing, and hopes to meet others as soon as possible.
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China and Chinese government will be happy to do business with Farsiran and your ambassador will meet with a delegation to discuss the matter.
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