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On the fertile soils along the Nile, one of the world's earliest civilisation emerged 5,000 years ago. Today, Egypt is a powerful African country by virtue of its size and of Africa's most important political actors, however the country is characterized by deep class divisions and widespread social misery. During the so-called Arab Spring of 2011, the country's longtime dictator Hosni Mubarak was deposed, but a couple of years later the power was restored by a new political elite with strong support from the military, which has since kept the country in an iron grip.