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Dispatch → Factbook → Miscellaneous
Lotaijuunnian
Lotaijuunnian is a highly inflected, tonal language which part of the Niger-Congo Language Family, probably on it's own branch from the Bantu branch, yet it the language is considered so different from the rest of the Bantu languages that it is treated as it's own branch. Although some say that it is an isolate........Front Central Back
Close...i.................u...
Mid.....e.................o...
Open............a............
Diphthongs: /⟨iu⟩/, /⟨ia⟩/, /⟨io⟩/, /⟨uo⟩/, /⟨ou⟩/, /⟨ao⟩/, /⟨au⟩/, and /⟨ai⟩/.
Variations of Vowels (Excluding Tones):
/i/: /i/, /iː / and /ĭ/
/e/: /e/ and /ĕ/
/a/: /a/ and /aː /
/o/: /o/, /oː /, and /ŏ/
/u/: /u/ and /uː /
Tones:
Register High ◌́ ~ ◌̋ or ˦ ~ ˥
Register Mid ◌ or ˧
Register Low ◌̀ ~ ◌̏ or ˨ ~ ˩
..................Bilabial Alveolar Palatal .....Velar..... Glottal
Plosive...........p, b....t, tʷ, d....c, ɟ.....k, kʷ, g, gʷ..........
Nasal............m, mː ....n, nː .......ɲ..........ŋ, ŋː ...............
Trill................ʙ̥, ʙ.....................................................
Affricate........k͡p, g͡b......t͡s......t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ........ŋ͡m.................
Fricative...........w.......s, sʷ.....ɕ, ʑ..........w..........h, hʷ..
Approximant................l..........j.................................
Syllable Structure: (C)(V)(C)
Onsets: /p/, /b/, /m/, /mː /, /ʙ/, /ʙ̥/, /k͡p/, /g͡b/, /w/, /t/, /tʷ/, /d/, /n/, /nː /, /t͡s/, /s/, /sʷ/, /l/, /c/, /ɟ/, /ɲ/, /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /j/, /k/, /kʷ, /g/, /gʷ/, /ŋ/, /ŋː /, /ŋ͡m/, /h/, and /hʷ/
Nucleuses: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/, /⟨iu⟩/, /⟨ia⟩/, /⟨io⟩/, /⟨uo⟩/, /⟨ou⟩/, /⟨ao⟩/, /⟨au⟩/, /⟨ai⟩/, /m/, /mː /, /n/, /nː /, /ŋ/, /ŋː /, /ŋ̩͡m̩/
Codas: /p/, /b/, /m/, /mː /, /ʙ̥/, /ʙ/, /t/, /d/, /n/, /nː /, /ŋ/, /ŋː /, /ŋ͡m/, /s/, /t͡s/, /c/, /ɟ/, /t͡ɕ/, /d͡ʑ/, /ɕ/, /ʑ/, /k/, and /g/
Rules:
-/ʙ̥/ and /ʙ/ can't cluster with other consonants.
-/h/ Makes /ç/ and /hʷ/ Makes /çʷ/ when Preceding /i/
-The same nasal consonants can't cluster with each other.
-Stress/Accent is on the Ultimate Syllable except if there's another syllable with a Long Vowel, Geminate, or high Mora.
-Stress/Accent exaggerates Tone except if there's no Tone, if it's Mid, or if it follows or is followed by it's own kind of Tone
Consonant Harmony:
Chains, a Consonant May Harmonize with the Consonants 1 or 2 Spaces Away:
/m/-/mː /-/ŋ͡m/-/ŋ/-/ŋː /-/n/-/nː /-/t/-/tʷ/-/d/-/t͡s/-/s/-/sʷ/-/ɕ/-/ʑ/-/t͡ɕ/-/d͡ʑ/
/b/-/p/-/k͡p/-/g͡b/-/k/-/kʷ/-/g/-/gʷ/-/c/-/ɟ/
/w/-/hʷ/-/h/
/ʙ̥/-/ʙ/
Alone:
/l/
/j/
Word Order-SVO
Noun-Adjective
Preposition-Noun
Possessee-Possessor
Agglutination!
Repetition to Express a Great Degree!
Plural: -[táŋ͡m]
Tense:
Past:
Recent: -[áʙ(á)]
Far: -[(m)emː ]
Future: -[(n)oː ]
Present: N/A
Gender:
Male: [lo]-
Female: [sʷè]-
Neither: N/A
(When used, all adjectives must agree to them.)
Classes:
1, Man-Made Anything: [á.k͡pá]
2, Land, Nations, Countries, Territory, Place, etc.: -[(uː )ŋː ]
3, Plants, Food, Forrest: [l⟨óí⟩]
4, Instruments, Languages: [gʷàn]
5, Small Things: [t͡ɕíː ]
6, Animals: [dà.dàː ]
7, Abstract: [bìb]
Question Marker: -[t͡ɕuː ]
Emphatic: -[kʷí]
A = /a/, Aa = /aː /, Ȧ = /á/, Ȧȧ = /áː /, Ạ = /à/, Ạạ = /àː /
B = /b/, Bb = /ʙ/
C = /c/
Č = /t͡ɕ/
D = /d/
E = /e/, Ė = /é/, Ẹ /è/, Ê = /ĕ/
G = /g/, Gb = /g͡b/, Gw = /gʷ/
Ĝ = /ɟ/
H = /h/, Hw = /hʷ/
I = /i/, Iı = /iː /, İ = /í/, İi = /íː /, Ị = /ì/, Ị ı̣ = /ìː /, Î /ĭ/
J = /d͡ʑ/
K = /k/, Kp = /k͡p/, Kw /kʷ/
L = /l/
M = /m/, Mm = /mː /
N = /n/, Nn = /nː /, Ng = /ŋ/, Ngg = /ŋː /, Ngm = /ŋ͡m/
Ñ = /ɲ/
O = /o/, Oo = /oː /, Ȯ = /ó/, Ȯȯ = /óː /, Ọ = /ò/, Ọọ = /òː /, Ô = /ŏ/
P = /p/, Pp = /ʙ̥/
S = /s/, Sw = /sʷ/
Š= /ɕ/
T = /t/, Ts = /t͡s/, Tw = /tʷ/
U = /u/, Uu = /uː /, U̇ = /ú/, U̇u̇ = /úː /, Ụ = /ù/, Ụụ = /ùː /
W = /w/
Y = /j/
Z = /ʑ/
' = Separates Consonants When Needed
ߔ = /p/, ߔߍ = /ʙ̥/
ߓ = /b/, ߓߍ = /ʙ/
ߕ = /t/, ߕ߱ = /tʷ/
ߘ = /d/
ߙ = /c/
ߚ = /ɟ/
ߞ = /k/, ߞ߱ = /kʷ/
ߡ = /g/, ߡ߱ = /gʷ/
𞤥 = /m/, 𞤃 = /mː /
𞤲 = /n/, 𞤐 = /nː /
ߢ = /ɲ/
𞤽 = /ŋ/, 𞤛 = /ŋː /
𞤠 = /k͡p/
𞤞 = /g͡b/
ߝ = /t͡s/
ߗ = /t͡ɕ/
ߖ = /d͡ʑ/
𞤜 = /ŋ͡m/
ߛ = /s/, ߛ߱ = /sʷ/
𞤡 = /ɕ/
𞤟 =/ʑ/
ߥ = /h/, ߥ߱ = /hʷ/
ߟ = /l/
ߦ = /j/
ߐ = /w/
ߊ = /a/, ߊ߭ = /aː /, ߊ߫ = /á/, ߊ߯ = /áː /, ߊ߬ = /à/, ߊ߰ = /àː /
ߋ = /e/, ߋ߫ = /é/, ߋ߬ = /è/, ߋ߮ = /ĕ/
ߌ = /i/, ߌ߭ = /iː /, ߌ߫ = /í/, ߌ߯ = /íː /, ߌ߬ = /ì/, ߌ߰ = /ìː /, ߌ߮ = /ĭ/
ߏ = /o/, ߏ߭ = /oː /, ߏ߫ = /ó/, ߏ߯ = /óː /, ߏ߬ = /ò/, ߏ߰ = /òː /, ߏ߮ = /ŏ/
ߎ = /u/, ߎ߭ = /uː /, ߎ߫ = /ú/, ߎ߯ = /úː /, ߎ߬ = /ù/, ߎ߰ = /ùː /
(Order: Spelling, Pronunciation, English Equivalent):
ߛߊ𞤥 Sam [ˈ sam] Hello
𞤜ߌ߯ Ngmii [ˈ ŋ͡míː ] Bye
𞤲ߊ߬ߓߊ߫ Nạbȧ [ˈ nȁ.bá] Run
𞤥ߊ߫ Mȧ [ˈ má] Tree
𞤥ߊ߭ Maa [ˈ maː ] Peace
ߕߊ߫ߌ߫ߖ Tȧij [ˈ t⟨áí⟩d͡ʑ] River
ߗߋ߮ߞ Čêk [ˈ t͡ɕĕk] Come
ߔߍߊ Ppa [ˈ ʙ̥a] I/My
𞤥ߊ߰ Mạạ [ˈ màː ] Me
𞤽ߏ߭ Ngoo [ˈ ŋoː ] You(Nominative)
ߓߍߎ߯ Bbu̇u̇ [ˈ ʙúː ] You(Accusative)
ߘߏ߭ Doo [ˈ doː ] We (Exclusive)
𞤐ߘ Nnd [ˈ n̩ː d] We (Inclusive)
ߋ߫ߘߎ߫ߏ߫ Ėdu̇ȯ [ˈ é.d⟨úó⟩] Us (Exclusive)
ߎ߫𞤽 U̇ng [ˈ úŋ] Us (Inclusive)
𞤽ߌ߭ Ngıı [ˈ ŋiː ] Them/They
ߟߏ Lo [ˈ lo] The (Masculine Form)
ߛ߱ߋ߬ Swẹ [ˈ sʷè] The (Feminine Form)
ߟߏߎ Lou [ˈ l⟨ou⟩] That (Masculine Form)
ߛ߱ߌ߬𞤜 Swı̣ngm [ˈ sʷìŋ͡m] That (Feminine Form)
ߌ߯ߞ İik [ˈ íː k] Help
ߏ߮ߞ Ôk [ˈ ŏk] Of
ߛߎ߯ Su̇u̇ [ˈ súː ] Sleep
𞤥ߏߎ Mou [ˈ m⟨ou⟩] Rain
𞤃ߌ߫𞤽 Mming [ˈ mː íŋ] Dirt, Earth
ߊ߰𞤛 Ạạngg [ˈ àː ŋː ] Kid
ߓߍߌ߭ߚ Bbııĝ [ˈ ʙiː ɟ] Want
𞤽ߏ߰ Ngọọ [ˈ ŋòː ] Need
𞤽ߏ Ngo [ˈ ŋo] Good
ߘߏ߬𞤡ߊ߫ Dọšȧ [ˈ do.ɕá] Bad
ߏ߮ߔ Ôp [ˈ ŏp] No
ߙߊ߫ߏ߫ Cȧȯ [ˈ c⟨áó⟩] Yes
ߓߏ߫ Bȯ [ˈ bó] Is/Am/Are/Be/At/On/In
𞤥ߊ Ma [ˈ ma] Mother
ߔ𞤽ߞ Pngk [ˈ pˈŋk] Father
𞤥ߌ߫𞤥 Mim [ˈ mím] Wind/Air
ߙߊ߬ߏ߬ Cạọ [ˈ c⟨àò⟩] Free
𞤽ߊߌ Ngaı [ˈ ŋ⟨ai⟩] Find
ߟߏ𞤜ߊ߯ Longmȧȧ [ˈ lo.ŋ͡máː ] Tour
ߕߊ߬ Tạ [ˈ tà] New
𞤟ߊ߫𞤽 Zȧng [ˈ ʑáŋ] Happy
ߛ߱ߋ߬ߘߊ߫ Swẹdȧ [ˈ sʷè.dá] Road
ߛ߱ߋ߬ߘߊ߬ Swẹdạ [ˈ sʷè.dà] Food
ߟߏ𞤃ߎ߬𞤲 Lommụn [ˈ lo.mː ùn] Water
𞤥ߌ߫𞤽 Ming [ˈ míŋ] Door
ߛ߱ߋ߬𞤲 Swẹn [ˈ sʷèn] The Earth
ߛ߱ߋ߬ߐߋ߬ Swẹwẹ [ˈ sʷè.wè] Boredom
ߖߋ߮ߞ Jêk [ˈ d͡ʑĕk] Game
ߐߊ߫ߓ Wȧb [ˈ wáb] Video, Internet
𞤡ߊ߬𞤽 Šạng [ˈ ɕàŋ] Brain
ߥߊ߫𞤽ߡߎ߰ Hȧng'gụụ [ˈ háŋ.gùː ] Person
ߟߋߘߋߟ Ledel [ˈ le.del] Letter
ߕߌߟߘߋ Tilde [ˈ tíl.de] Diacritic
ߔߌ߯ߚ Piiĝ [ˈ píː ɟ] Angry
ߥߏ Ho [ˈ ho] Thing, This
𞤲ߘ Nd [ˈ n̩d] Speak, Language
ߞߌ߯ Kii [ˈ kíː ] Understand
ߏ𞤟ߌ Ozı [ˈ o.ʑi] Death
𞤜ߎ߭ Ngmuu [ˈ ŋ͡muː ] Life
𞤠ߋ Kpe [ˈ k͡pe] Slow
𞤞ߏ߬ Gbọ [ˈ g͡bò] Of Course
ߟߌ߬𞤽 Lı̣ng [ˈ lìŋ] Go
ߊߏ Ao [ˈ ao] Forest, Rainforest
ߛߊ߫𞤥 Sȧm [ˈ sám] Lost
ߟߏ𞤜ߊ߰ Longmạạ [lo.ˈ ŋ͡màː ] Public
ߏ߮ߛ Ôs [ˈ ŏs] Move, Transport
𞤞𞤜𞤞 Gbngmgb [ˈ g͡bŋ̩͡m̩g̚͡b̚] Or/Either
ߛߎ߭ Suu [ˈ suː ] Stay
ߢߏ Ño [ˈ ɲo] Trek/Path/Tread
ߥ߱ߏ߬ߌ߬ Hwọ ı̣ [ˈ hʷ⟨òì⟩] Building/Home
ߎߗߊ߬𞤽 Učạng [u.ˈ t͡ɕàŋ] Time
𞤥ߊ߬ Mạ [ˈ mà] Long
𞤲ߏ No [ˈ no] Other/Differ/Different
ߐߊ߫ߌ߫ Wȧi [ˈ w⟨áí⟩] Lose/Defeat
ߐߊ߬ߌ߬ Wạı̣ [ˈ w⟨àì⟩] Empire
ߏ𞤟ߌ߫ Ozi [o.ˈ ʑí] Federation/Alliance/A United Group of Groups
𞤽ߌ߬ Ngı̣ [ˈ ŋì] Tribe
𞤥ߎ Mu [ˈ mu] Great
ߟߏ߬ߓߊ Lọba [ˈ lò.ba] Rubber
Work in Progress!
Written (Latin): Sam, ppa ppııĝ dạngo, ngaı dạȧkpȧnggčuukwi?
Wrtten (Adlam-N'ko Hybrid): ߛߊ߫𞤥߸ ߔߍߊ ߔߍߌ߭ߚ ߘߊ߫𞤽ߏ߸ 𞤽ߊߌ ߘߊ߫ߊ߯𞤠ߊ߯𞤛ߗߎ߭ߞ߱ߌ߫؟?
IPA: [sam, ʙ̥a ˈ ʙ̥iː ɟ dà.ˈ ŋo,ˈ ŋ⟨ai⟩ sʷè.dà.á.ˈ k͡páŋː .t͡ɕuː .kʷí]
Grammar/Gloss: Hello, 1sg-NOM want good-food, find food-Man.Made-Place-QUES-EMP
English: Hello, I want good food, where can I find a restaurant in particular?
Written (Latin): Ppa ôp lı̣ng sȧmoočuu mȯ swẹ aočuu?
Written (Adlam-N'ko Hybrid): ߔߍߊ ߋ߮ߔ ߟߌ߬𞤽 ߛߊ߯𞤥ߏ߭ߗߎ߭ 𞤥ߏ߯ ߛ߱ߋ߬ ߊߏߗߎ߭؟?
IPA: [ˈ ʙ̥a ŏp lìŋ sá.ˈ moː .t͡ɕuː mó sʷè ao.t͡ɕuː ]
Grammar/Gloss: 1sg.NOM NEG become lost-FUT-QUE within DEF.FEM rainforest-QUE
English: How do I not get lost in the rainforest?
Written (Latin): Lı̣ngmȧ sȧm bȯ sẹ sẹao lı̣ng bȯ longmạạ gbngmgb suu ñotȧngm.
Written (Adlam-N'ko Hybrid): ߟߌ߬𞤜ߊ߫ ߛߊ߫𞤥 ߓߏ߫ ߛߋ߬ ߛߋ߬ߊߏ ߟߌ߬𞤽 ߓߏ߫ ߟߏ𞤜ߊ߰ 𞤞𞤜𞤞 ߛߎ߭ ߢߏߕߊ߫𞤜
IPA: [lìŋ.bó.loˈ ŋ͡màː .ˈ g͡bŋ̩͡m̩g̚͡b̚.suː .ˈ ɲotáŋ͡m, lìŋ͡máˈ sám.bó.sè.ˈ sè.ao].
Grammar/Gloss: NEG.become lost in DEF.FEM rainforest go on transport public or/either stay paths.
English: Go on public transport or stay on the paths, that's how to not get lost in the rainforest.
