The Dual Concordat | The Seoshū Agreement

Signed by The Imperial Sinjōist State of Hanguk-Nippon, The State of Maneiras

This treaty shall be produced in multiple copies. The Hanguk-Nipponese version of the treaty shall be considered utterly equivalent to the treaty in Maneirese. In the case of a divergence of interpretation, the Hanguk-Nipponese language version shall be considered authoritative and prevailing.

The Government of The Imperial Sinjōist State of Hanguk-Nippon and the Government of The State of Maneiras hereinafter referred to as the parties, high contracting parties, signatories:

Believing that mutual trust and goodwill can be facilitated between the states party to the treaty;
Seeking to officiate a state of amity between the signatories, and to work toward a world of peace, everlasting concord, and stability;
Recognizing the necessity of formally establishing official, working diplomatic relations between our two states;
Hoping to further facilitate and promote open dialogue in the maintenance of peace in Valsora with the cordial relations between our two states;
Bound by the comprehensive solidarity of their interests, the Hanguk-Nipponese and Maneirese peoples are determined to unite their efforts to preserve peace between their states;
Stressing the need for the initiation of a comprehensive and innovative basis for open exchanges of persons, the reduction of trade impediments, and the administration of open diplomatic channels for present and future concerns;
Desiring to further enhance the economic competitiveness of Hanguk-Nippon and Maneiras in light of the present financial developments in Valsora;
Aspiring to strengthen cooperation in areas of mutual interest related to trade in goods, trade in services, investment, academic and cultural exchange, and coordinated multinational disaster relief;
Respecting the delegations as holding equal plenipotentiary powers, given to the head of the delegation. His Excellency Minister of Trade and Commerce Kaga Akijo (明조 加가) of Hanguk-Nippon and His Exclellency Deputy Minister Coordinator of the Coordinating Ministry of Economics & Finances Dimas Seswana Prasetya of Maneiras shall be granted full plenipotentiary powers for the duration of the negotiations and amendments that may follow;

I. AGREEMENT
1.　It is henceforth agreed that a treaty shall be established between Hanguk-Nippon and Maneiras. Let there be an everlasting peace, understanding, and amity between the two countries and peoples. 만年년。

II. DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION
1.　Signatories of this treaty recognize the definitive authority of each government over their respective nations and the territorial sovereignty of their states.
2.　Parties agree to reject overlapping territorial, maritime, airspace, and spatial claims of other nations.
3.　The states involved shall establish formal diplomatic missions in the capital of the other within fifteen months of the date of signature. The diplomatic mission may take the form of any kind of embassy, consulate, or legation. An ambassador shall staff and maintain the mission, facilitate amity and communication, and provide consular services for nationals residing and travelling within the host nation.
3a.　Host governments are expected to provide security for the mission and the foreign diplomatic staff in their state. Host governments are also responsible for the sustenance of the mission and its staff, as well as the building or location that houses the mission.
3b.　Additional envoy exchanges between the high contracting parties are to occur within fifteen months of the date of signature.

III. MOVEMENT OF PERSONS
1.　The high contracting parties recognize the corresponding passport, document of identity, or personal information record issued by the other state party as a valid and sufficient identification of travelers at all ports of entry.
1a.　The party governments henceforth confirm the right of Hanguk-Nipponese and Maneirese businesspersons, students, and teachers the right to unhindered visa-free travel between all territories under the jurisdiction of Hanguk-Nippon and Maneiras barring restricted access zones that, by law, prohibit citizen entry under normal circumstances. Hanguk-Nippon and Maneiras shall accord to businesspersons, students, and teachers a maximum visa-free travel period of 6 months.
2.　Citizens and subjects of the state parties shall be permitted to travel or reside in all non-military settlements and ports.
2a.　Citizens and subjects of the state parties shall retain the right to purchase, rent, or lease land, rent or purchase buildings or residences, construct buildings or residences, and conduct commerce in accordance to the local laws and terms of the host country.
3.　Citizens and subjects of one state party accused or charged with one or more breaches in law codified as criminal offenses in the other state shall be subject to deportation and be tried by the system of justice of their nation of origin. The governments party to this agreement shall ensure that their system of justice be open to the concerns and cases brought forth by the citizens and subjects of the other state party in order to more thoroughly and accurately administer justice in cases involving said foreigners.
4.　The state parties agree to refuse the entry of criminals of the other country, nor shall state parties harbor those convicted of crimes in the other state party to the agreement. Upon expressed diplomatic request by the government of the other state party, each party shall extradite citizens or subjects to the custody of their country of origin.
5.　The high contracting parties pledge to reduce instances of double taxation regarding income by all means—whether it be through tax exemption or the admittance of credit to the foreign jurisdiction—and shall share information concerning the taxation of income earned by citizens and subjects of the other party government earning income within their state borders.
5a.　The party governments shall faithfully endeavor to eliminate tax evasion through the proper administration and review of foreign properties of those who claim tax exemptions stemming from the aforementioned clause.

IV. TRADE, ACADEMIC, & CULTURAL EXCHANGE AGREEMENT
1.　The high contracting parties hereby establish the Hanguk-Nipponese—Maneirese Relations Commission, hereinafter named the "HNMRC."
1a.　The HNMRC shall consist of two main committees: the Trade Commission and the Academic-Cultural Commission.
1b.　The Trade Commission shall be tasked with overseeing the unhindered movement of goods and services between the state signatories, promoting mutually beneficial business cooperation, arbitrating interstate financial disputes that may arise, and implementing a collaborative trade policy with the expressed consent of both national governments.
1c.　Recognizing the importance of transparency in the governance of trade in goods and services, and with the goal of allowing service suppliers to gain access to, and operate in, each other’s markets, the Trade Commission shall publish promptly, except in emergency situations, by the time of their entry into force, all relevant international agreements pertaining to or affecting trade in goods and services, and all relevant measures affecting such trade. These agreements and measures shall be made publicly available on the internet to the extent possible as well as provide a forum by which outside parties and other interested persons may comment on any stipulation of the agreement.
1d.　The Academic-Cultural Commission shall be tasked with facilitating student and teacher exchanges between Hanguk-Nippon and Maneiras, integrating both states into a common academic community, coordinating international academics and athletics competitions, promoting positive cultural exchanges between the two nations, and maintaining the free flow of scholarly information between the parties to this agreement.
2.　Hanguk-Nippon shall unconditionally accord Maneirese companies and nationals most-favored-nation status and national treatment. Maneiras shall unconditionally grant Hanguk-Nipponese companies and national most-favored-nation status and national treatment. Neither signatory may afford the other any less economic benefits than any third party involved in some trade with either of the high contracting parties.
2a.　With respect to courts of justice and administrative tribunals, nationals and companies of either signatory state shall be granted full access to these public facilities in either state in all degrees of jurisdiction either in defense or pursuit of their rights as citizens.
2b.　It is understood that companies of either party not engaged in activities within the territories of the other party shall enjoy such access therein without registration or similar requirements.
2c.　Contracts entered into between nationals and companies of either high contracting party and nationals and companies of the other party, that provide for the arbitration and settlement of issues, shall not be deemed unenforceable within the territories of the other party on the grounds that the place designated for the arbitration proceeding is outside such territories or that the nationality of one or more of the arbitrators is not that of such other party. Awards duly rendered pursuant to any such contracts, which are final and enforceable under the laws of the place where rendered, shall be deemed conclusive in enforcement proceedings brought before the courts of competent jurisdiction of either party, and shall be declared enforceable by such courts, except where found contrary to public policy. When so declared, such awards shall be entitled to the laws and measures of enforcement appertaining to awards rendered locally.
2d.　Neither party shall take unreasonable or discriminatory measures that would impair the legally acquired rights or interests within its territories of nationals and companies of the other party in the enterprises which they have established, in their capital, or in the skills, arts or technology which they have supplied: nor shall either party unreasonably impede nationals and companies of the other party on equitable terms the capital, skills, arts and technology it needs for its economic development.
2e.　Nationals and companies of either party shall be accorded most-favored-nation treatment and national treatment with respect to engaging in scientific, educational, religious, and philanthropic activities within the territories of the other party, and shall be accorded the right to form associations for that purpose under the laws of such other party.
3.　Signatories of this treaty agree to a general maximum of 1% import duties on all landed goods and of all exports that have originated from another state signatory to this treaty. No higher import duties may be imposed by a party government on exports of other signatories whether they enter the country in question through another nation's vessel or not. All imported goods subject to the treaty may move freely throughout a nation once the import duty is applied without any further imposition of tax or toll.
3a.　This treaty does not impede the imposition of revenue or sales taxes on both domestic and foreign-imported goods.
3b.　Party governments are permitted to impose regulated import duties on specific goods subject to consultation and the approval of the other signatories.
4.　The signatories shall henceforth meet regularly to discuss a common trade policy concerning internal tariff regulation, trade boundary reduction, the coordination of the movement of goods, the standardization of procedure, customs, and further integration.
5.　Imports consisting of or containing environmentally sensitive materials or organisms is strictly prohibited in all forms. All vessels entering a state signatory from another party nation shall be subject to scrutiny and screening before any clearance. All cargo regulated above shall be confiscated and either returned to the exporting nation or held by government authorities for further inspection.
5a.　This treaty does not impede the imposition of restrictions in any given party's endeavor to protect natural ecosystems.
6.　The parties shall agree to advance and simplify customs requirements and liabilities to the best of their ability.
6a.　The high contracting parties shall respect the customs regulations of other states party to the agreement and shall conform customs procedures, as effectively as possible, to practices and regulations agreed upon by all signatories.

V. CIVILIAN MARITIME & EMERGENCY SERVICES COOPERATION
1.　Each party, in the case of a shipwreck or emergency landfall by a civilian naval craft registered under the other state party, agrees to assist and return all crewmembers and passengers to a recipient appointed by the state under which the vessel is registered. Whatever articles the shipwrecked may have preserved shall be dutifully restored. Expenses incurred during the rescue or assistance of passengers and mariners are not to be refunded.
2.　The high contracting parties shall agree to cooperate in refining and coordinating their emergency services and natural disaster responses by the means of information and best practice sharing and general open communication.
2a.　The Disaster Relief Office of the Hanguk-Nippon International Cooperation Agency and the [MANEIRESE EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT] shall jointly and regularly conduct annual emergency management conventions with the purpose of ensuring readiness for emergencies, wars, and natural disasters.
2b.　The high contracting parties shall, to the best of their ability, work to standardize emergency and disaster relief protocol and procedure as well as coordinate all signage and symbols pertaining to environmental, natural, chemical, and nuclear hazards.

VI. DISPUTE ARBITRATION
1.　The high contracting parties shall, in all applicable cases, endeavor to resolve disputes regarding the interpretation or application of the present agreement solely through official diplomatic channels.
2.　If a dispute between the parties cannot thus be resolved, the dispute may be presented to an arbitral tribunal upon either party's request.
2a.　The official process of dispute arbitration and settlement by tribunal shall follow thus. Within one month of a party's request for arbitration, each party shall appoint one representative to the tribunal. Those two representatives shall elect a public officer of a third nation who shall serve as the Chair of the Tribunal upon the consent of both initial parties. The Chair shall be selected within one month of the date of appointment of the two initial delegates.
2b.　The arbitral trial shall reach a conclusion by a majority-vote system in which the appointed delegates to the tribunal shall vote in favor of either party's case. This decision shall be binding on both parties involved. Each party shall settle the costs of its own representative to the tribunal and its representation in the tribunal proceedings. All remaining costs, including that of the Chair, shall be settled by both parties equally. Depending on the ruling of the tribunal, however, one party may render a higher proportion of the costs. If this is the case, the award shall be binding on both parties.

VII. CONCLUDING TERMS
1.　This treaty may be amended within 15 days with request by any party. Any further amendments must be submitted to the Foreign Secretariat and must receive approval. A nation may withdraw from this treaty on one months written notice given in writing. The Treaty will remain in force during the notice period.
2.　A party may withdraw from this treaty within one month's notice in writing or conferral. This notice must be submitted to either to the Foreign Secretariat's office or the [MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF EQUIVALENT] of Maneiras. Mutual approval is required for a party to exit the agreement.
3.　Within the one month notice, citizens of either signatory country traveling abroad or residing in the territory of another country party to the treaty shall be granted free passage and departure without hindrance. During this period of time, the treaty shall remain in force.
4.　Having concluded the present convention and duly signed the official agreement, the governments associated with the high contracting parties shall strictly observe the provisions of this treaty. The citizens and subjects of the associated state powers are similarly obligated to faithfully observe the treaty.
5.　The present agreement is to be ratified and approved within eighteen months of the date of signing by the august Emperor of Hanguk-Nippon, on advice of the Imperial Council and Cabinet, and with the sanction of the Imperial Diet thereof, and by the President and Federal Consultative Assembly of Maneiras.

Signed:
- Minister of Trade and Commerce Kaga Akijo (明조 加가)
- Envoy Extraordinary Toshijo Gangun (강雲 利조)
- Envoy Extraordinary Ryujō Taeshitsu (태室 류驤)
- Envoy Extraordinary Sanzō Arao (新오 산蔵)
- Deputy Minister Coordinator of the Coordinating Ministry of Economics & Finances Dimas Seswana Prasetya
Ratified by:
- Emperor Sesato Satake-Joseon (佐竹-조선 세里)

- Prime Minister Katagi Hyojun (효准 片기)
- President Joko W. Kusuma