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They were succeeded by the Three Purple Dynasties - Hyeon, Sim, and Yeong. These dynasties were short lived and while they were capable of administering the Hwan territories, they struggled to exert themselves beyond that and many Hwan communities remained independent. These dynasties were prone to instability and suffered from clan disloyalty and religious turmoil. The final purple dynasty, the Yeong, would collapse in around 100 AD following a clan revolt by the Uija, who established an independent state on the North Gulf, from which they would spread southwards to establish the Uija dynasty of imperial rule by 150 AD. The Uija have a favourable position in Hwan historiography as a consequence of the economic prosperity and sociocultural development that occurred during their rule. The Uija cemented themselves during the Thinking Spring, a period marked by the proliferation of religious sects and philosophical schools that enjoyed patronage from wealthy clans. The overarching philosophy of the Uija was one of religious and philosophical tolerance, with the most prominent schools being granted property in the new capital of Hanbuk where they would study and debate each other. The most successful of the Uija emperors were Togki and Bangil, who successively presided over the territorial peak of the dynasty and instituted wide-reaching political, legal, and social reforms. Bangil is considered the father of the Hwanese language thanks to his introduction of a new writing system, Hwangeul. In addition, he established new bureaucracies to improve the efficiency of the state that lasted in various forms after the collapse of the Uija. The Uija would ultimately decline in the eighth century and retreat from the south following military defeats by Sinic invaders and disloyalty by the southern clans.

The period after the Uija's decline is known as the "Lost South and Late Uija" period, lasting between 780 AD and 1028 AD. The Uija continued to rule in the north but having lost the south, their economic prosperity dwindled and the next two centuries were marked by relative stagnation. The southern clans were divided and fought amongst themselves and with various Sinic kingdoms. Eventually the Goi, a clan descended from the Hyeon, would establish themselves as the predominant power in the south and, under the rule of Goi Henyol, march on the north and bring an end to the Uija dynasty, establishing the Jesamdaesangtae (Third Great State) of the Hwan, the Goi Dynasty. The Goi did not leave the same legacy of reform as the Uija, but are noted for the longevity of their dynasty and the stability that came with it. A crucial aspect of their early reign was the mixture of the clans, who were historically divided along regional lines and maintaining shaky alliances based on shared interests and tenuous ancestral links. Goi administrators encouraged the mixture of southern, western, and northern clans while preserving the purity of the Goi, ultimately diluting the importance of the clan system and enshrining a new nobility. Despite the demise of the clan system, famine and military defeat against the Sinic and Afanian states would bring an end to the regime. The Hwan core in the Kaesbeol Valley was conquered, as were key cities in the south, and the dynasty formally collapsed with the death of Emperor Goi Jinmo against an Afanian host at Daruhan. The Afanians were repelled within forty years but the Hwan remained divided and with much of the south under occupation. A number of prominent states emerged in this time but none were ever able to unite the Hwan like the Uija and Goi did.

It would not be until 1763 that a "Great Campaign" for Hwan unification was launched by Chae Taehu, a general from the southern city of Galkoksi. The Chae overthrew Sinic rule in the south-west and marched north against the divided states of the region with the aim of establishing another great Hwan state. By the end of the decade, the central kingdoms were captured and many northern kingdoms, including the final descendants of the Goi, swore fealty to the Chae. The Chae dynasty ruled for just over a century but left an important mark on Hwanju's history. The campaign to the expel the foreigners was cut short when they solidifed their rule over the Hwan, and treaties were reached with the Sinic states. This left a sour taste in many of the northern elites, who established organisations promoting reform across Hwanese territory. The most prominent of these was the Hwan People's Political Association, affiliated with the Hanbuk University, which promoted a democratic and parliamentary system of government. The Chae were a conservative and absolutist force however, and calls for reform were met with harsh crackdowns. After the execution of six scholars who promoted constitutionalism, an uprising in Daneonseong Province turned into a rebellion against the monarchy, and the government was overthrown in 1879, leading to a twelve year civil war that culminated in the Republic of Hwanju being proclaimed in 1891.

The first republic was undermined by regionalist interest groups that exploited the federal system and ultranationalists that exploited discontent with the occupation of Hwan territories by the Sinic and Afanian states. The peak of the first republic was under President Jin Hong-ga, who ruled from 1921 to 1927. Prime Minister Jin oversaw the war with Shanha to retake the south-eastern Hwan territories and he personally led the campaign against the Karatesh kingdom, liberating the final Hwan people under an Afanian state. Jin died shortly after the campaign and is memorialised as the father of the new Hwan state, but the republic he participated in fell apart shortly after and was replaced by the second republic in 1941, established following a threat of a coup d'etat by a group of officers aligned with the "Jin Memory Clique" of the ruling Revolutionary Democratic Party. The second republic is a unitary presidential system and persists to the present day. Modern Hwan politics have been marked by a two-party system, with the "Jin Memory Clique" forming the conservative National Party and the former federalists forming the progressive Republican Party. The early years of the second republic were dominated by the conservative, statist presidencies of Nam Dal-kon (1941-1955) and his successor Tae Jil-bom (1955-1961). The Nam-Tae period oversaw significant economic modernisation and the foundations of the "liberal welfare state". It was succeeded by the progressive presidency of Mae Yong-sun (1961-1969) and the liberal presidency of Ra Jae-woo (1969-1973) that democratised the country and shifted conservatism away from the nationalist-authoritarianism of Nam-Tae period to a liberal conservatism that embraced democracy, the rule of law, and internationalism. The period from 1973 to the present has been marked by Hwanju solidifying itself as the continent's superpower and spreading its economic & cultural clout across Assuwa.

National Assembly Building in Songhan

Composition of the Incumbent Assembly