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Armed Forces of Russian Federation
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ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
"To Forgive the terrorists it up to God but to send them to him it up to me."
- Vladimir Putin
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The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly known as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of the Russian Federation. They are divided into the Ground Forces, Navy, and Aerospace Forces. There are also two independent arms of service: Strategic Rocket Forces and the Airborne Troops. Under the federal law of Russia, the Russian Armed Forces, along with the Federal Security Service (FSB)'s Border Troops, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), the Federal Protective Service (FSO), the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Main Directorate of the General Staff (GRU) and the Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM)'s civil defence form Russia's military services; and are under direct control of the Security Council of Russia.
Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Current Form: 1992 Service Branches: Headquarters: Moscow Commander-in-Chief: Defense Minister: Chief of the General Staff: Military Age: 18-27 Conscription: 1 year Active military personnel: 1.014.000 Reserve military personnel: approx 2,000,000 Budget: 61.7 billions (2020-2021) Percentage of GDP: 4.3% Domestic suppliers: Annual exports: 19 billions Ranks:
Russian Ground Forces
Russian Aerospace Forces
Russian Air Force
Russian Space Forces
Russian Air and Missile Defence Forces
Russian Navy
Russian Airborne Forces
Russian Strategic Missile Forces
Russian Special Operations Forces
Vladimir Putin (President of the Republic)
General Sergey Shoygu
General Valery Gerasimov
Rostec
Rosatom
United Aircraft Corporation
United Shipbuilding Corporation
Russian Helicopters
Tactical Missiles Corporation
Almaz-Antey
High Precision Systems
Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology
Kalashnikov Concern
Military Industrial Company
Uralvagonzavod
Kurganmashzavod
KAMAZ
Army Ranks
Navy Ranks
Aerospace Forces Ranks
Uniforms: uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces
ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are one of the largest military forces in the world. As of 2021, Russian Armed Forces strength counted over 1 million active duty personnel and 890.000 civilian personnel, the fourth-largest in the world. Additionally, there are around 2 million voluntary reservists. The total number of citizens who can be used for mobilization deployment on an involuntary basis in the case of wartime mobilization amounts to 20 million. It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18–27 to be drafted for a year of service in Armed Forces.
The Russian Armed Forces are the world's second-most powerful military, owning the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons in the world. In 2020/21 the military budget of the Russian Federation was $61.7 billion, the fourth-highest in the world. It possesses the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines, and is one of the only three nations operating strategic bombers, with the world's most numerous tank force, the second-most numerous air force and the third-most numerous naval fleet.
RUSSIAN GROUND FORCES
Insignia of the Army
The primary responsibilities of the Russian Ground Forces are the protection of the state borders, combat on land, the security of occupied territories, and the defeat of enemy troops. The Ground Forces must be able to achieve these goals both in nuclear war and non-nuclear war, especially without the use of weapons of mass destruction. Furthermore, they must be capable of protecting the national interests of Russia within the framework of its international obligations.
RUSSIAN NAVY
Insignia of the Navy
The Russian Navy is the naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces. It has existed in various forms since 1696, the present iteration of which was formed in January 1992 when it succeeded the Navy of the Commonwealth of Independent States (which had itself succeeded the Soviet Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late December 1991. The first iteration of the Russian Navy was established by Peter the Great (Peter I) in October 1696. Ascribed to him is the oft quoted statement: "A ruler that has but an army has one hand, but he who has a navy has both." The symbols of the Russian Navy, the St. Andrew's ensign (seen to the right), and most of its traditions were established personally by Peter I. The Russian Navy possesses the vast majority of the former Soviet naval forces, and currently comprises the Northern Fleet, the Pacific Fleet, the Black Sea Fleet, the Baltic Fleet, the Caspian Flotilla, 5th Operational Squadron in Middle East, Naval Aviation, and the Coastal Troops (consisting of the Naval Infantry and the Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops). The Russian Navy suffered severely since the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to insufficient maintenance, lack of funding and subsequent effects on the training of personnel and timely replacement of equipment. Another setback is attributed to Russia's domestic shipbuilding industry which is reported to have been in decline as to their capabilities of constructing contemporary hardware efficiently. Some analysts even say that because of this Russia's naval capabilities have been facing a slow but certain "irreversible collapse". In 2013 some analysts suggested that the rise in gas and oil prices has enabled a sort of renaissance of the Russian Navy due to increased available funds, which may have allowed Russia to begin "developing the capacity to modernize". In August 2014, Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said that Russian naval capabilities would be bolstered with new weapons and equipment within the next six years in response to NATO deployments in eastern Europe and recent developments in Ukraine. Total tonnage for Russian Navy as of 2019 is 1,216,547 tonne
RUSSIAN AEROSPACE FORCES
Insignia of the Aerospace Forces
The Russian Aerospace Forces or VKS comprise the aerospace branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Russia established the VKS as a new branch of its military on 1 August 2015 with the merging of the Russian Air Force (VVS) and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) - as recommended by the Ministry of Defence. The VKS has its headquarters in Moscow. Russia's Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu explained the merger as improving efficiency and logistical support.
RUSSIAN AIRBORNE FORCES
Insignia of the Airborne Forces
The Russian Airborne Forces or VDV is a separate troops branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. First formed before World War II, the force undertook two significant airborne operations and a number of smaller jumps during the war and for many years after 1945 was the largest airborne force in the world. The force was split after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, losing divisions to Belarus and Ukraine, and has been reduced in size. Troops of the Russian Airborne Forces have traditionally worn a sky blue beret and blue-striped telnyashka and are called desant (Russian: Десант) from the French Descente. The Russian Airborne Forces are well known for their mobility, utilizing a large amount of specifically designed vehicles built for airborne transport, as such, they are fully mechanized and traditionally have a larger complement of heavy weaponry than most contemporary airborne forces.
RUSSIAN STRATEGIC MISSILE FORCES
Insignia of the Strategic Missile Forces
The Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation are a separate-troops branch of the Russian Armed Forces that control Russia's land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The Strategic Rocket Forces was created on 17 December 1959 as part of the Soviet Armed Forces as the main force intended for attacking an enemy's offensive nuclear weapons, military facilities, and industrial infrastructure. They operated all Soviet nuclear ground-based intercontinental, intermediate-range ballistic missile, and medium-range ballistic missile with ranges over 1,000 kilometers. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, assets of the Strategic Rocket Forces were in the territories of several new states in addition to Russia, with armed nuclear missile silos in Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The three of them transferred their missiles to Russia for destruction and they all joined the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Complementary strategic forces within Russia include the Russian Aerospace Forces' Long Range Aviation and the Russian Navy's ballistic missile submarines; the three bodies together form Russia's nuclear triad.
RUSSIAN SPECIAL OPERATION FORCES
Insignia of the Russian Special Operation Forces
The Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly known as the Special Operations Forces are strategic-level special forces under the Special Operations Forces Command of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is also a structural and an independent unit of the Armed Forces. The first units of what would become the Special Operations Forces were transferred from the GRU in 2009 as part of the continuing 2008 Russian military reform. The Special Operations Forces Command was established in 2012 and announced in March 2013 by the Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov. According to Gerasimov, the SOF was designed as a strategic-level asset, elite special operations force units of the KSSO whose primary missions would be foreign interventions including counter-proliferation, foreign internal defense operations and undertaking the most complex special operations and clandestine missions for protecting interests of the Russian Federation. SOF are distinct from the Spetsnaz GRU that until 2010 were under the Main Intelligence Directorate and whose subsequent subordination was left unclear until 2013 where the decision was reversed and GRU special forces units were reassigned to GRU divisions and placed under GRU authority again. Russia's SOF are manned exclusively by professional personnel hired on contract, of which all are full-time servicemen consisting of commissioned officers and regular soldiers. On 26 February 2015, President Vladimir Putin decreed that 27 February be the Day of the SOF, according to multiple Russian official news agencies (albeit not acknowledged formally), to mark the establishment of Russian control over the building of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Simferopol, Crimea on 27 February 2014.
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